UNIX FAQ Version 2.1 92/12/04 -- Question 3.7

How can a process detect if it's running in the background?

First of all: do you want to know if you're running in the background, or if you're running interactively? If you're deciding whether or not you should print prompts and the like, that's probably a better criterion. Check if standard input is a terminal: sh: if [ -t 0 ]; then ... fi C: if(isatty(0)) { ... } In general, you can't tell if you're running in the background. The fundamental problem is that different shells and different versions of UNIX have different notions of what "foreground" and "background" mean - and on the most common type of system with a better-defined notion of what they mean, programs can be moved arbitrarily between foreground and background! UNIX systems without job control typically put a process into the background by ignoring SIGINT and SIGQUIT and redirecting the standard input to "/dev/null"; this is done by the shell. Shells that support job control, on UNIX systems that support job control, put a process into the background by giving it a process group ID different from the process group to which the terminal belongs. They move it back into the foreground by setting the terminal's process group ID to that of the process. Shells that do *not* support job control, on UNIX systems that support job control, typically do what shells do on systems that don't support job control.